What Does That Mean?
I know a lot of referees choose to dismiss alignment language as an anachronism with little relevance for their game, but for me interpretation matters. The Little Brown Books are often so brief in their text that each reader can interpret the meaning differently. This is one of the great appeals of White Box for me - how a few lines of text can lead to so much creative thinking on the part of those who imagine what it could mean in their game.
In Volume I: Men & Magic it is written that: "Law, Chaos and Neutrality also have common languages spoken by each respectively." In context this follows that there is a "common tongue" language spoken by most humans and the other creatures and "monsters" have their own language although some 20% also know the common tongue. The alignment languages are spoken so we know they are not some form of (secret) sign language.
Rather than dismiss alignment language as unnecessary, I think the concept has some usefulness as demonstrated by the statement: "While not understanding the language, creatures who speak a divisional tongue will recognize a hostile one and attack." and as referee, I prefer to make use of this tool. I do not think a full blown language complete with grammar and syntax is necessary to achieve the desired effect. A unique vocabulary should be sufficient. Anyone who has listened to various professionals "talk trade" quickly realizes the existence of a shared vocabulary which facilitates understanding among those "in the know".
Alignment and religion can readily be connected in the game, and I think there is some precedent and logic in doing so. Sources of inspiration frequently paint one god as "good" or "lawful" or "neutral" or "evil", etc. Often those labels change with who is speaking, but vilifying those who practice competing religion has been a common enough occurrence. Many of the world's religions are rife with certain words which hold specific meaning in a religious context. It is certainly conceivable that overhearing a curse, or prayer uttered could instantly identify someone as a believer of a certain faith.
This is how I choose to interpret alignment language. For me it is a set of specific words, the meaning of which is known by those of a shared alignment and are generally unknown by those outside that alignment. Those not sharing a specific alignment may recognize the use of certain key words as belonging to those of another alignment even though they are spoken in the common tongue. I believe this furthers the cause implied in alignments, that of determining teams of friendly and hostile creatures. A few spoken words overheard allows this feature to function while also allowing for some ambiguity when the referee desires, such as when no "key" alignment words are overheard.
Of course there are other interpretations of this alignment language passage in Volume I. It is certainly possible that the authors were referring to a full blown language such as "Black Speech" as found in the works of J.R.R. Tolkien and spoken by all those servants of evil. Such an interpretation would lend itself equally well to helping players distinguish friend from foe. Interpreting alignment language in this manner could allow it to be linked with certain divine and non-divine magical effects. The famous incantation inscribed on The One Ring is in Black Speech which presumably is part of the magic. Reading a tome of black magic written in the Chaos language evokes a certain flavor as does ruling that the reversed spells of evil clerics are spoken in the Chaos tongue.
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